This, in conjunction with hypovolemia- induced aldosterone secretion, causes increased potassium secretion and large urinary potassium losses. Upper gastrointestinal loses –voluminous vomiting causes a rise in bicarbonate concentration due to large losses of gastric acid.Intoxication with barium, cesium, and chloroquine.Increases in the activity of the Na-K-ATPase pump.2-3 Hypokalemia is a clinical sign of depressed potassium levels that is due to poor intake of potassium combined with other causes of hypokalemia. In the event of poor potassium intake, the kidney can lower potassium excretion to about 5 to 25 milliequivalents, thus maintaining a baseline serum potassium level of 3.5 milliequivalents per liter. A function of the kidney is to regulate blood levels of potassium to maintain homeostasis. The normal dietary intake of potassium is 40 to 120 milliequivalents per day most of this potassium is excreted in the urine. 1 All of these factors contribute to potassium homeostasis- a disruption of one property will cause hypokalemia or hyperkalemia. 1 Potassium secretion is dictated by an increase in the serum potassium concentration, a rise in plasma aldosterone concentration, and enhanced delivery of sodium and water to the distal secretory site. Potassium blood level is dependent on the association between dietary potassium intake, the distribution of potassium between the cells and extracellular fluid, and urinary potassium excretion.
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